Predicting human inhibitory control from brain structural MRI

Brain Imaging and Behavior - The anatomical structure of the human brain varies widely, as does individual cognitive behavior. It is important and interesting to study the relationship between...     

【开放获取】度普利尤单抗治疗特应性皮炎的疗效及安全性分析

【摘要】 目的 评价度普利尤单抗治疗特应性皮炎（AD）的有效性和安全性。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，纳入2020年6月1日至2021年9月1日在北京大学第一医院皮肤科门诊外用药物控制不佳、规范使用度普利尤单抗注射治疗满16周的AD患者。收集患者基本信息以及治疗开始前、治疗第2、4、8、12、16周研究者整体评估（IGA）评分、湿疹面积及严重程度指数（EASI）评分、瘙痒数字评价量表（NRS）评分、皮肤病生活质量指数（DLQI）评分以及源自患者的湿疹评价（POEM）评分。记录治疗过程中出现的不良反应。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对全部患者结束随访时各项评分和治疗前进行比较。结果 共纳入57例AD患者，均完成16周的注射药物治疗和随访观察。第16周时 ，患者自身IGA评分由基线4.0（4.0，5.0）分降至1.0（1.0，1.0）分（Z = 6.65，P < 0.001），EASI评分由30.0（17.2，36.0）分降至4.0（1.6，7.3）分（Z = 6.57，P < 0.001），瘙痒NRS评分由9.0（7.0，10.0）分降至1.0（0.0，1.0）分（Z = 6.59，P < 0.001），DLQI评分由15.0（11.5，20.5）分降至3.0（1.0，4.0）分（Z = 6.57，P < 0.001），POEM评分由19.0（15.5，23.0）分降至4.0（2.0，4.0）分（Z = 6.57，P < 0.001），差异均有统计学意义。5种评分16周内均呈持续下降趋势。仅2例患者出现结膜炎，无明显严重不良反应。结论 度普利尤单抗治疗AD疗效明显，且具有较好的安全性。     

Paired associated magnetic stimulation promotes neural repair in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke

Paired associative stimulation has been used in stroke patients as an innovative recovery treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of paired associative stimulation on neurological function remain unclear. In this study, rats were randomly divided into middle cerebral occlusion model(MCAO) and paired associated magnetic stimulation(PAMS) groups. The MCAO rat model was produced by middle cerebral artery embolization. The PAMS group received PAMS on days 3 to 20 post MCAO. The MCAO group received sham stimulation, three times every week. Within 18 days after ischemia, rats were subjected to behavioral experiments—the foot-fault test, the balance beam walking test, and the ladder walking test. Balance ability was improved on days 15 and 17, and the footfault rate was less in their affected limb on day 15 in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group. Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor, glutamate receptor 2/3, postsynaptic density protein 95 and synapsin-1 were significantly increased in the PAMS group compared with the MCAO group in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex on day 21. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that regional brain activities in the sensorimotor cortex were increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere, but decreased in the contralateral hemisphere on day 20. By finite element simulation, the electric field distribution showed a higher intensity, of approximately 0.4 A/m~2, in the ischemic cortex compared with the contralateral cortex in the template. Together, our findings show that PAMS upregulates neuroplasticity-related proteins, increases regional brain activity, and promotes functional recovery in the affected sensorimotor cortex in the rat MCAO model. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fudan University, China(approval No. 201802173 S) on March 3, 2018.